Experiments for specific heat [J/(kg K)], or heat capacity, were conducted using a heat flow meter on unconditioned and dried samples at 10 °C, 20 °C, 30 °C and 40 °C.

Experiments for thermal conductivity [W/(m K)] were conducted using a heat flow meter on unconditioned and dried samples at 15 °C and either 45 °C or 65 °C.

Mass loss rate [kg/s] was measured in cone calorimeter experiments at three heat fluxes: 25 kW/m², 50 kW/m², and 75 kW/m².

This material shrivels under thermal exposure causing the corners and edges of the sample to curl upwards and towards the center during cone calorimeter tests. The use of an edge frame was successful in limiting this behavior. Test HF25_R1 was an exception, however, where an edge of the sample lifted free from the edge frame and impacted the spark ignitor, causing a spike in the mass time history data. A calcium silicate substrate was included beneath the samples.

Experiments for heat release per unit area [kW/m²] were conducted on samples conditioned at 20°C and 50% relative humidity using a cone calorimeter at three different heat fluxes: 25 kW/m², 50 kW/m², and 75 kW/m².

This material shrivels under thermal exposure causing the corners and edges of the sample to curl upwards and towards the center during cone calorimeter tests. The use of an edge frame was successful in limiting this behavior. Test HF25_R1 was an exception, however, where an edge of the sample lifted free from the edge frame and impacted the spark ignitor, causing a spike in the mass time history data. A calcium silicate substrate was included beneath the samples.

Carbon monoxide yield was measured during cone calorimeter experiments conducted at heat fluxes of 25 kW/m², 50 kW/m², and 75 kW/m².

This material shrivels under thermal exposure causing the corners and edges of the sample to curl upwards and towards the center during cone calorimeter tests. The use of an edge frame was successful in limiting this behavior. Test HF25_R1 was an exception, however, where an edge of the sample lifted free from the edge frame and impacted the spark ignitor, causing a spike in the mass time history data. A calcium silicate substrate was included beneath the samples.

Experiments for specific heat release rate [W/g], were conducted using a micro-scale combustion calorimeter at a heating rate of 30 K/min.

Soot yield [g/g] was calculated from smoke obscuration data collected in cone calorimeter experiments conducted at heat fluxes of 25 kW/m², 50 kW/m², and 75 kW/m².

This material shrivels under thermal exposure causing the corners and edges of the sample to curl upwards and towards the center during cone calorimeter tests. The use of an edge frame was successful in limiting this behavior. Test HF25_R1 was an exception, however, where an edge of the sample lifted free from the edge frame and impacted the spark ignitor, causing a spike in the mass time history data. A calcium silicate substrate was included beneath the samples.

Effective heat of combustion [MJ/kg] is calculated from data collected in both micro-scale combustion calorimeter experiments and cone calorimeter experiments.

Cone Calorimeter Test Notes:
This material shrivels under thermal exposure causing the corners and edges of the sample to curl upwards and towards the center during cone calorimeter tests. The use of an edge frame was successful in limiting this behavior. Test HF25_R1 was an exception, however, where an edge of the sample lifted free from the edge frame and impacted the spark ignitor, causing a spike in the mass time history data. A calcium silicate substrate was included beneath the samples.

Band averaged emissivity was calculated from reflectance measurements conducted with an integrating sphere and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer.