Measured Data

Specific Heat

Experiments for specific heat [J/(kg K)], or heat capacity, were conducted using a heat flow meter on unconditioned and dried samples at 10 °C, 20 °C, 30 °C and 40 °C.

Unconditioned

Temperature (C) Specific Heat Mean (J/kg-K) Standard Deviation (J/kg-K)
10.0 1392.0 96.0
20.0 1447.0 104.0
30.0 1516.0 101.0
40.0 1578.0 113.0

Thermal Conductivity

Experiments for thermal conductivity [k] were conducted using a heat flow meter on unconditioned samples at 15 °C and 65 °C.

Unconditioned

Temperature (C) Conductivity Mean (W/m-K) Standard Deviation (W/m-K)
15.0 0.068 0.002
45.0 0.073 0.002

Mass Loss Rate (MLR)

Initial-mass-normalized mass loss rate [1/s] was measured in the simultaneous thermal analyzer experiments at three heating rates: 3 K/min, 10 K/min, and 30 K/min and mass loss rate [g/s] in the cone calorimeter at three heat fluxes: 25 kW/m2, 50 kW/m2, and 75 kW/m2.

Cone Calorimeter Test Notes:
This material warps into an arched shape during the fire's decay phase. This was observed in the test, HF50_R1, and prevented in all other tests by the use of tie wires.

Simultaneous Thermal Analyzer

Cone Calorimeter: 25 kW/m2

Cone Calorimeter: 50 kW/m2

Cone Calorimeter: 75 kW/m2

Heat Release Rate Per Unit Area (HRRPUA)

Experiments for heat release per unit area [kW/m2] were conducted on samples conditioned at 20°C and 50% relative humidity using a cone calorimeter at three different heat fluxes: 25 kW/m2, 50 kW/m2, and 75 kW/m2.

This material warps into an arched shape during the fire's decay phase. This was observed in the test, HF50_R1, and prevented in all other tests by the use of tie wires.

Cone Calorimeter: 25 kW/m2

Cone Calorimeter: 50 kW/m2

Cone Calorimeter: 75 kW/m2

Carbon Monoxide (CO) Yield

Carbon monoxide yield was measured during cone calorimeter experiments conducted at heat fluxes of 25 kW/m2, 50 kW/m2, and 75 kW/m2.

This material warps into an arched shape during the fire's decay phase. This was observed in the test, HF50_R1, and prevented in all other tests by the use of tie wires.

Incident Heat Flux [kW/m²] Mean CO Yield [g/g] CO Yield Std. Dev. [g/g]
25 0.007 0.001
50 0.007 0.0
75 0.007 0.0

Specific Heat Release Rate

Experiments for specific heat release rate [W/g], were conducted using a micro-scale combustion calorimeter at a heating rate of 30 K/min.

Derived Data

Soot Yield

Soot yield [g/g] was calculated from smoke obscuration data collected in cone calorimeter experiments conducted at heat fluxes of 25 kW/m2, 50 kW/m2, and 75 kW/m2.

This material warps into an arched shape during the fire's decay phase. This was observed in the test, HF50_R1, and prevented in all other tests by the use of tie wires.

Incident Heat Flux [kW/m²] Mean Soot Yield [g/g] Soot Yield Std. Dev. [g/g]
25 0.001 0.0
50 0.007 0.0
75 0.01 0.0

Effective Heat of Combustion (Δhc)

Effective heat of combustion [MJ/kg] is calculated from data collected in both micro-scale combustion calorimeter experiments and cone calorimeter experiments.

Cone Calorimeter Test Notes:
This material warps into an arched shape during the fire's decay phase. This was observed in the test, HF50_R1, and prevented in all other tests by the use of tie wires.

Micro-scale Combustion Calorimeter

Value R1 R2 R3 Mean Std. Dev.
Heat of Combustion (MJ/kg) 11.83 11.59 11.34 11.59 0.2

Cone Calorimeter

Incident Heat Flux [kW/m²] Mean Effective Heat of Combustion [MJ/kg] Effective Heat of Combustion Std. Dev. [MJ/kg]
25 14.1 0.1
50 15.6 0.1
75 16.3 0.3

Band Averaged Emissivity

Band averaged emissivity was calculated from reflectance measurements conducted with an integrating sphere and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer.

Source Temperature [K] Emissivity Std. Dev.
600.0 0.877 0.003
800.0 0.838 0.004
1000.0 0.792 0.006
1200.0 0.744 0.009
1400.0 0.699 0.013
1600.0 0.661 0.017
1800.0 0.629 0.020
2000.0 0.603 0.023